Hypotension
Definition :
Low blood
pressure than normal.
Types :
1.Orthostatic Hypotension
Sudden
drop of BP when standing suddenly from resting position.
2.Postprandial Hypotension
BP
decreases after eating
Seen in old age.
3.Normally Mediated Hypotension
Comes in
younger adults if doing a particular work for a long time.
4. Low BP due to Nervous System Damage :
Damage to
autonomic nervous system that control involuntary movement.
1.Orthostatic Hypotension :
Sudden
drop in BP when stand up from a sitting position or if stand up after lying
down.
Causes :
- Dehydration
- Prolonged bed rest
- Pregnancy
- Heart problems
Number of medications can also cause orthostatic
hypotension particularly drugs used to treatment of Hypertension.
2. Post prandial hypotension : ( Low BP after eating )
Sudden
drop in BP after eating. It affect mostly older adult and people with high BP.
3. Normally Mediated Hypotension :
This
disorder causes BP to drop after standing for long period leading to symptoms
such as nausea and fatigue. It affect young people and it seems to occur
because of the miss communication between heart and brain.
4. Low BP due to Nervous System Damage :
This rare
disorder causes progressive damage to the autonomic nervous system which
control involuntary such as BP, HR, Breating and Digestion.
Ethiology :
- Cardiac problems.
- Severe blood loss.
- Medications used for HTN.
- Starvation.
Pathophysiology :
Due to
decreased stroke volume.
Clinical Manifestations :
- Digginess
- Fatigue
- Confusion
Diagnostic Tests :
- Check BP.
- Ecg.
- MRI.
- CT.
Management :
- Provide Iv Fluids therapy to decreased dehydration.
- Sodium ( Na ) containing diet.
- Avoid sudden movements from rest.
- Take healthy diet ( Beetroot ).
Complications :
Coronary Artery Disease : Can lead to narrowing of blood vessels making them more like to block from blood clots.
Chronic Renal failure :
Constant high blood pressure can damage small blood vessels in the kidneys making it not to function properly.
Congestive Heart failure :
Pumping blood against the higher pressure in the vessels causes the heart muscles to thicken.
Cardiac Arrest :
High blood pressure can cause CAD, damaged arteries cannot deliver enough oxygen to other parts of the body eventually leading to heart attack.
Cerebrovascular Accident :
Hypertension lead to atherosclerosis and hardening of the large arteries. This in turn, can lead to blockage of small blood vessels in the brain.
