Kidney Anatomy

Anatomy Of Kidney

• These are a pair of bean shaped organs present just in-front of the posterior abdominal wall on both sides of vertebral coloumn.

• They extend from T12 to L3 vertebrae.

• The right kidney is present at a slightly lower level than in the left kidney.

• They are placed slightly orbitly upper core is close to the vertebral column. Lower core is away from the vertebral column.

Image 01 : Anatomy of Kidney.

Covering Of  Kidney :

•  Each Kidney has upper pole which is related to the supra renal gland and a lower pole.

• It has got two borders ; Later border is convex; Medial border shows a notch called as hilum.

• The hilum will give passage to renal artery, renal vein and ureter.

• The kidney has two surface, arterior surface is convex. It is related to the other abdominal organs.

•  Posterior surface is flat.

Image 02 : Layers of Kidney.

Interior of the Kidney :

• Just inside the hilum, the ureter is dilated called as pelvis of ureter.

• This is divided into 2 to 3 major clayx’s. Each major calyx is divided into 2 to 3 minor calyxs.

• The remaining part of kidney is divided into outer cortex and inner medulla.The medulla is composed of renal pyramids.

• The cortex is composed of cortical arches.

• Part of the cortex will extend between the pyramids. This is called as renal columns.

Applied Anatomy :

·        Inflamation of kidneys : Nephritis.

·        Failure of the function of kidney : Renal failure.

·        ( The most common cause for renal failure is diabetes and hypertension. )

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